Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos

Determining Variables for Transport Mode Choice

Luciana Ferreira Leite Leirião, Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia (Author) — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Strategies to promote sustainable means of transportation can emerge from the understanding of how people choose travel modes. Studies about it are focused on developed countries, where people have more alternatives to commuting. Using an origin-destination survey database, this study investigated how access and egress distances, car ownership, household income, and travel distance influence people from São Paulo Metropolitan Area on their choice between railway transportation, bus, and car. 81% of the trips performed by railway transportation have the origin and the destination close to a station. Car ownership increases car choice, but it also depends on household income. Finally, cars are preferred for short travels and railway transportation for longer ones. The study indicates that expanding the railway network has a high potential to promote modal shifts, especially in long travels. It supports railway network expansion, which is constantly downgraded due to the high associated cost.

Colombian agricultural sector and armed conflict (2007 - 2022): An empirical analysis

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This article empirically proposes an unbalanced panel data model of random effects for the total of municipalities in Colombia in a period between 2007 and 2022 that analyzes the impact of the armed conflict on agricultural production, controlling by municipalities ZOMAC, post-peace agreement and sown area. The results show that production is negatively affected by 0.008% for each 1% additional victims of conflict in the municipalities each year; the analysis is carried out crop cycle, where transient crops are the most affected in the face of the conflict. On the other hand, the econometry model include the Differences-in-Differences parameter to estimate the post-agreements, between Colombian Estate and FARC, effect in the agriculture production. The results show that in a peace scenario, the agriculture production growth 0,07% each year.

Hedonic pricing model for ultra-high-temperature milk market in Juiz de Fora – Brazil

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The dairy industry stands as one of the most significant sectors within the Brazilian food industry. Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk has notably expanded its market presence in terms of fluid milk sales. Moreover, UHT milk is available in various options, including varying fat content, added nutrients, and diverse packaging. This study aims to estimate a hedonic price model for UHT milk in the Juiz de Fora market, Brazil, with a focus on discerning premiums associated with packaging characteristics, the presence of added nutrients, fat content, supermarket chains, and location. Data for the year 2016, collected from all supermarkets in the municipality, were used. The most robust model revealed a price premium over the baseline product, with increments of +0.44 R$/liter (+12.31%) for the screw cap, +2.38 R$/liter (+51.88%) for iron, +0.89 R$/liter (+21.06%) for calcium, +2.10 R$/liter (+46.28%) for the Lactose-free attribute, and +0.27 R$/liter (+7.22%) for semi-skimmed milk. These findings hold significant implications for the dairy industry, guiding product portfolio strategies, market share considerations, and profitability assessments.

Gender inequality of opportunity: Impact of the Female Leadership Program on the occupation of management positions

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This study aims to analyze the probability of women in a financial institution attaining managerial positions and to assess the impact of the Women’s Leadership Program on managerial occupancy. To this end, a dataset provided by the institution was utilized, containing socioeconomic information on employees for the years 2017 and 2022. Based on this data, the Logit and Difference-in-Differences (Diff-in-Diff) econometric models were estimated. In the first model, for the years 2017 and 2022, it was estimated that, out of a total of 45,774 women employed at the institution in 2017, approximately 6,088 women were unable to attain managerial positions due to gender inequalities. By 2022, this number had decreased to 5,675, representing an approximate 7% reduction in this disparity. The results from the Diff-in-Diff model indicate that the program had a positive impact, increasing the participation of women managers who took part in the program by 8.5 percentage points. In absolute terms, the impact estimates that the program enabled nine additional women, out of the 122 participants, to attain managerial positions.

The commitment of the minimum wage to the basic food basket in Brazil: Evolution and regional asymmetries

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This study assesses regional disparities in Brazil from 2000 to 2023 regarding the commitment of the national minimum wage (MW) to the basic food basket (BFB), aiming to discuss the MW’s effectiveness in upholding constitutional rights. A log-log regression model was used, with BFB commitment as the dependent variable, and MW and the National Consumer Price Index (INPC) as independent variables. The results show a decreasing commitment over time across all regions, though still high, averaging around 50%. In the Northeast, this percentage is lower, highlighting regional inequalities. A 1% increase in MW reduces the commitment by 0.34% (2SLS) and 0.5% (OLS), with the North seeing the largest reduction and the Northeast the smallest. Additionally, a 4% MW adjustment has a small, uneven impact on the BFB commitment across regions. Thus, policy adjustments should consider regional asymmetries and socioeconomic vulnerabilities, focusing on areas with a higher concentration of low-income workers.

The determinants of expenditures with utilities in Brazilian households

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This study provides an analysis of the determinants of the per capita expenditure with utilities in Brazilian households. Using microdata from the 2017-2018 Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF) we used a two-stage estimation procedure: in the first stage, a Probit for the probability of a household acquiring the good or service; and in the second stage, a Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) for the Engel functions for each good or service. We found that the household head characterization variables had a lower influence on the expenditure of water and sewage. The family size has a negative effect on the per capita expenditure of all utilities for all income groups, but its scale effects are higher in high-income families. Our study highlights the importance of sociodemographic characteristics as drivers of households’ expenditures and opens several opportunities for policymakers and the private sector to solve the heterogeneity and inequality that exists in Brazil.